Monday, 3 December 2012

Lucinda rodgers


Lucinda Rodgers is an artist who depicts city scenes using line drawings with the addition of colourings in some cases she uses watercolours and in others she uses a block colour background I chose to look into the work of Lucinda Rodgers as creating forms of buildings interests me.

Lucinda Rodgers work often shows urban environments with lots of colour used such as in the image. I chose this image as it captures her style which connotes lively and atmospheric environments this is shown by the small parts of colours applied the colours also cause a strong contrast with the black lines that act as outlines showing depth. Her work also portrays a concept style which is can be used for architectural and design for film and television purposes, this image belongs to the postmodernism style as it captures different styles of life in an environment which conveys the meaning of the public. It almost fall within the Art Noveau style as it is similar to Theophile Stienlen as it has been heavy illustrative feel as well as the watercolour being similar to the stained glass background. This image can also relate to Experimental Jetset as it plays with modernism in a post-modernistic way.

As Rodgers style carries on throughout the majority of her work only small differences are changed yet they still make a an visual imprint and make it easily visible to see what has changed, such as in this image she has used negative space to her advantage by simply using a plain white background instead of illustrating the sky this can be seen as modernist as there is no reason to illustrate the sky so it could be interpreted as function as she had only set out to illustrate the buildings and ground level rather than focusing on the sky which is form. Once again Rodgers has used a postmodern style similar to the work of Jean Michael Basquit as there are heavy handed marks to show depth as well as showing a sketch like illustration. Unlike the image above colour is used more conservatively as well as using duller colours. As the image doesn’t use full colour and the lines are not all connecting it could be said that the image is possessing styles of a dreamlike state such as the work of Salvidor Dali and Freudian phsycoanalysis.

This image depicts a concept drawing from an architectural point of view showing modernist styled building merging in with older buildings which would eventually turn it into a post modernistic style such as the Sony building with its Chippendale dresser roof.  Unlike the other images this image is using full colour to give the ‘client’ a greater understanding of what the finished project will look like in its pretext using sketched people walking by. This image falls into realism as she is illustrating pre-existing buildings and what is being created.  




Sunday, 2 December 2012

Signs and Cultural Codes

Semiotics - study of sign systems
Meta-language - 'language about language'
Systems of Signification
  • images and objects all have a meaning
  • designers create meanings
  • signifier - the sign itself
  • signified - the concept
  • semiotics define the process of communication
  • signs are automatically understood
  • Systems and Structures
  • often systems can be culturally informed as symbols change in different cultures
  • swastica - hindu "all is well" also recognized as the nazi symbol
  • meaning of sign depends on what context it was read in
What do colours signify?
Blue
  • connotation - Nuetral , calm
  • denotation - Blue
Green
  • connotation - Organic, eco-friendly
  • denotation - Green
Rhetoric
  • rhetorical questions are asked to make points
  • describing documentary photography
  • used in graphic design
Don mcCullin
Shell-shocked US marine, Vietnam, 1968
  • negative side to war
  • solider appears scared
  • fear is communicated
  • emotion of the individual
A homeless man lying by the embers of a fire in Spitalfields market, London, 1969
  • negative image
Roland Barthes
  • wrote about semiotics
  • concise semiotics analysis
Coca Cola Advert
  • signifiers are hearts, cherub, bottle, composition and text
Heart
  • connotes - love and happiness
  • denotes - heart shape
Angel
  • connotes- heaven
Bottle
  • connotes - coca cola's shape of bottle
  • denotes - bottle
Composition
  • connotes - pours out of coca cola
Slogan
  • connotes - original phrase 'live on the bright side of life'
Silk Cut
  • signifiers are silk fabric and the cut
  • silk connotes - luxury, femininity
  • colour also feminine
Marlboro
  • signifier - cowboy - masculinity
  • posture - relaxed
Celtic Pattern
  • pattern connotes the celts
  • cultural knowledge helps us read it
Ai Weiwie - "Finger" - 1999
  • signifiers - white house / finger
  • white house connotes USA/power
  • finger - connotes cursing






History of Graphic Design from 1890s to Present Day


History of Graphic Design
tracing different styles  of how graphic design changes in the world through postmodernism and modernist movements
Recap Modernism / Postmodernism
Modernism:
  • function over form
  • mass production
  • science and advancement
  • 1900-1970s
  • progress
Postmodernism:
  • scepticism
  • individuality
Victorian soap advert mid 19th
  • typical type style as seen all over at the time
  • serifs used
  • illustration
Art Nouveau
Theophile Steinlen
  • cabaret poster
  • lithograph
  • illustrative
  • moving into modernist style
Alphonse Mucha - 1890s
  • embodies art nouveau
  • lithographic poster
  • bold outlines
  • mix of styles
  • patterning
  • depth
Russian Constructivsm
El Lissitzky - 'Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge' - 1917
  • modernist
  • communist
  • shape based
  • typographic
  • minimal 
Rodchenko
  • related to the people
  • collage
  • primary colours
  • layout
  • type
Gustav Klutsis - 'Workers, Everyone must vote in the Election of Soviets!' - 1930s
  • typography is on a angle
  • swiss style layout
Bauhaus
Joost Schmidt - Poster for Bauhaus Exhibition poster - 1923
  • modernist
  • similar to constuctivism with use of basic form
Art Deco
Am Cassannre - 'L'Atlantique' - 1920s
  • symmetrical type style
  • class
  • type represents power
1950s Advertising
  • large body copy
  • illustrative
  • not modernist
Swiss/International Style - Pinnacle of Modernism
Armin Hoffman
  • bold
  • strictly type
  • Postmodern graphic designers
Neville Brody - 1995
  • individual typeface
  • not functional
  • grid layout
Stefan Sagmiester - 1990s
  • type taken out of usual context
  • both fine art and graphics
  • opposing to modernist views
David Carson
  • developed grunge typography
  • rough
  • type is more human
Experimental Jestset
  • play with modern styles in a post modern way
  • blend postmodern and modern into one












Postmodernism

Modernism and Post-modernism - phases that refer to a specif time period
Recap Modernism - occurred after the industrial revolution
  • more concerned about science than religion 
  • progress in technology
  • function over form
  • Postmodernism and Multiculturalism
  • postmodernism was suspicious of what the modernism believed such as the eta-narratives.
  • meta-narratives - meta - grand, narrative - explanation
  • postmodernism believes science has not got the answer to everything
  • does not account for the individual
  • embraces contradiction
Postmodernism
  • defies definition so it can break free from the rules
  • critical that there is only a singular meaning
  • embraces post colonialism
  • bricolage - 3D collage
  • focus on ideas and concept
  • eclectic - varied
  • individuals have different experience postmodernism embraces that.
Jean Michel Basquait
  • uneducated
  • graffiti
  • rags to riches
  • politically aware
Jean Michel Basquait - Irony of a Negro Policeman 1981
  • childish style
  • heavy handed marks
  • depicts characters
  • primal colours
  • expressive
  • chaotic 
  • pushes boundaries of fine art
Cindy Sherman - Untitled Film Stills 1980
  • postmodernism - photography used as a art form in its own right
  • artist representing film noir styled images
Frank Gehry work 'Lou Ruvo Centre for Brain Health
  • heavily decorated
  • organic form
  • contains personality
Jamie Ried - 'God Save the Queen' Sex Pistols 1977
  • controversial
  • collaged typography
Neville Brody
  • Pre David Carson
  • use of negative space
  • no grid use
  • personal style
Stefan Sagmeister
  • hand rendered type
  • illustrative style in text




Saturday, 1 December 2012

Modernism and Modernity

The Shock of the New - TV series 1980s studies modern art
  • new machine age
  • industry and dynamism
  • eifel tower - designed by an engineer
  • culture re-inventing itself
  • accelerated rate of change during the period
  • change of how the people saw the world
  • Industrial Revolution - 1750 - 1850(1900)
  • big change in small amount of time
  • steam power
  • advances would lead to other advances and develop endless possibilities
Modernity
  • turn of 20th century
  • development of the cities
  • progression
  • jobs available
  • cities built on industry
  • social change to modernity
  • Modernist artist's wrote a manifesto
  • a statement that show's the intentions
  • established new artistic directions
  • Modernist artwork characteristics
  • shows idea of progression
  • rejected tradition
  • experimental
  • function over form
  • influenced by culture
  • rejected ornament
  • represents the change in the world
Pablo Picasso - 'Les Demoiselles d'Avignon' 1907
first example of modernist artwork
  • Descriptions
  • sharp/ linear/ simplified/ bold
  • playful style
  • breaking tradition
  • amateurish style
  • looks at different angles to portray work
  • mangled body parts
  • depicts prostitutes
  • faces appear different to the style of body almost mask like
  • distorted
De Stijl -Manifesto
  • preferred the public idea than individualism
Piet Mondrian - 'Rhythm of Black Lines' (1942)
  • De Stijl artist 
  • abstract painting
  • no represention
  • experimenting with form, line and colour
Raoul Haussmann - 'ABCD'
  • Dada artwork
  • collage
Vladimir Tatlin - 'Counter Relief'
  • constructivism
  • use of art in communist Russia
  • recycled items used to make sculpture
  • abstract
  • Marianne Brant - Tea infuser (1924)
  • Bauhaus
  • efficient and functional
  • made with metal
Walter Gropius - Bauhaus Dessau (1919)
  • functional
  • glass, steel and concrete rather than stone and brick
  • efficiency
  • no additional detail
  • transparency
Jan Tschichold - designed classic penguin book covers
  • functional layout
  • limited use of colour
  • style of type
  • san serif
Herbert Bayer - catalouge  cover of Bauhaus work
  • boldness
  • no image
  • type is informative
  • type has no personality
Josef Muller Brockmann 1690s
  • the Swiss style
  • helvetica
  • grid structure
  • minimalist
  • functional and aesthetic
Naive Cover

This piece of modernist art shows the attributes of graphic design that was common in the modernist period such as the block colours giving the image an eye catching twist along with the colours giving the image depth as to the whereabouts it is colours on the woman's dress and her surroundings. The text used in this piece is used effectively as it cause contrast with the image and it say's only what it needs to say in a clear and easy to read typeface such as the bottom line of text is easily readable in a font that works with the rest of the image. although this piece has a lot going on the design is rather simple much the same as modernist graphic design.















Contextual awareness

Context
helps us understand factors outside of artwork and what influenced its creation
  • Historical context - what was happening at the time.
  • Other contexts - consider economical, commercial factors and the client
  • Looking at context in artwork helps judge importance in the work. 
Surrealism
  • Occurred between world wars
  • Andre Bretton - founding artist
  • 'Revolutionary' movement
  • Left wing values
  • The unconscious
  • Automatism - automatic drawing and writing
  • The 'uncanny'
Rene Magritte
  • Realist style of painting
  • Subverting reality - feet merging into boots
Man Ray
  • Photogram - Rayograms
  • Objects - create shape
  • Subverting truth
  • Mental cohesion - doesn't all fit together
  • Fantasy vs. reality
Max Ernst
  • Collage - absurd images
Salvidor Dali - Lobster Telephone
  • Use of shape - phone shape and lobster shape is similar
Salvidor Dali - The Persistence of Memory
  • 'Ordinary scene' - calm yet harrowing
  • Barren
  • Melting clock - time
  • Flaccid forms - Dali's fear of impotency
  • Freudian
Where?
  • Dreamlike environment
Why it is surrealist?
  • Elements of unconscious using symbolism
Marcel Duchamp - 'The Fountain' 1917
  • This piece ask's what art actually is?
  • Urinal has changed it's context
  • Challenging tradition
  • Idea opposed to craft
Ready-Made
  • Dadaism before surrealism
Post-modern architecture
  • Modernism - cultural history, from the the 20th century  to 1970's
  • Modernism is function not form
  • Buildings would not use ornamentation and decoration - basic block like structure only small florishes used
  • Relations to pieces of furniture
Experimental Jetset
  • Combines typeface with a post-modernist flare
  • Similar to David Carson
  • Expressive
  • Modernist graphics - message shown through words
  • Post-modernist graphics - communicate through expression
Kitchen Aid

advertisement use's elements of surrealism as objects used are shown out of context such as floating and even possessing attributes that are not common for the appliances that are on show such as the electric mixing bowl that has wings and the cherry floating above the cup cake. This advert use's similar methods as Salvidor Dali's 'The Persistence of Memory' as the background shows a calm scene yet the foreground has more of a hectic style. The image also use’s a similar aspect the one of Freudian psychoanalysis as the objects could represent happiness as they would help in the kitchen this is shown by the happy, vibrant colour selection used in this advertisement.